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The following article was published in our article directory on January 21, 2023.
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Risks of Opioid Use During Pregnancy

Article Category: Advice

Author Name: Karen Ramos

There's a lot of potential harms associated with prescription opioid use during pregnancy, including poor fetal growth, preterm birth, birth defects, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. A range of additional malformations that might be associated with opioid exposure are evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Researchers form unadjusted and adjusted risk estimates using fixed effects meta-analysis to estimate the overall risk of adverse outcomes associated with prescription opioid use during pregnancy. Chronic maternal opioid use during pregnancy has been linked to an increase in the risk of adverse outcomes for the mother and neonate.

Reports Increasing
Reporting prescription opioid abuse during pregnancy has become increasingly common,
with a corresponding rise in the number of opioid exposed neonates. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is the term used to describe the clinical features exhibited by infants born to mothers who have taken opioids.

Treatment received by such infants includes medication-assisted maintenance with methadone or buprenorphine, as well as non-pharmacological interventions. In addition, monitoring of these infants is recommended due to possible drug withdrawal syndrome upon delivery.

NAS is an expected and treatable condition for which women should be counseled prior to delivery. Physicians will tell them about possible signs and symptoms in their newborns, as well as treatment options available for those exposed to opioids prenatally.

Illicit Drug Use Included
Maternal illicit drug use, including opioid abuse, is prevalent in the opioid dependent or women illicit drug using population. Several birth defects have been associated with maternal opioid use, and smoking data suggests that this population is more likely to smoke than the general population.

Abuse and dependence on opioids can cause significant physiological disruption to a pregnant woman's body and her unborn child. Prescribed opioids, as well as heroin, are the most commonly abused drugs among pregnant women in the United States. Additional maternal risks associated with opioid abuse include neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which can occur when a baby is exposed to drugs while in utero.

NAS Health Issues
NAS can cause significant health issues for babies born to mothers who have used opioids during pregnancy; these infants may suffer from low birth weight, feeding problems, respiratory difficulties and longer than normal hospital stays.

Conflicting published findings about the effects of maternal opioid use on perinatal outcomes has resulted in efforts to delay discharge from obstetric care until a period of abstinence has been achieved by the mother during her pregnancy. As such, it is important for health care providers to be aware of both the risks of opioid abuse during pregnancy as well as potential interventions that could help reduce those risks.

Keywords: CHF, heart failure, health, coughing, dog, diuretic

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