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SpinDistribute.com Article Directory

The following article was published in our article directory on July 3, 2014.
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The History of Rare Earth Magnets

Article Category: Arts and Crafts

Author Name: Nick Bugeja

Carl Mosander, a Swedish chemist, was the person to discover many rare earth elements. In 1885, Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, showed the procedures of Mosander wherein one oxide whose element is named didymium is separated. Auer did this as well by separating neodymium from praseodymium. In the 1950s, neodymium was discovered to have properties that are potentially appropriate for technological use, and so its production for commercial purposes began.

In 1966, Dr. Karl J. Strnat discovers 18 MGOe energy product of the Samarium-Cobalt compound at the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Later on in 1972, he and Dr. Alden Ray develop this Samarium-Cobalt compound with a higher energy product - at 30 MGOe.

In 1982, the high raw material cost of Samarium-cobalt permanent magnets became rather problematic, which is why researchers have further sought out compounds that are less pricey. The Nd2Fe14B compound was discovered by Sumitomo Special Metals, General Motors, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. General Motors developed on neodymium magnets that are melt-spun noncrystalline, as Sumitomo focused on sintered neodymium magnets.

Eventually, the Sumitomo facility became a large manufacturing unit of the Hitachi Corporation, also licensing other companies to manufacture sintered neodymium magnets. This allowed the Chinese metal industry to become a prominent force in the production of rare earth magnets (like neodymium magnets), churning out neodymium compounds that are produced as disc magnets, rod magnets, and high energy product magnets like N52 magnets.

Neodymium was initially used in glass pigmentation, where neodymium oxide was included for the glass to appear lavender when struck by daylight or incandescent light, but appear pale blue when struck by fluorescent light. The glass would appear red if gold or selenium were added to the glass.

The commercial use of super strength magnets like N52 magnets increased for applications that require maximum magnetic power in a rather small environment. This made them very ideal for works that are small and light.

Today, many use neodymium magnets because of their greater magnetic strength as compared to many other permanent magnets. This level of strength is regarded as unique, considering its relation to size. This makes them a beneficial alternative to large magnets like Ferrite magnets. With the replacement of Ferrite magnets to neodymium magnets, industries have opened up to using magnets that are very advantageous in power and size.

Modern technology has gradually grown environmentally friendly with the use of rare earth materials, and the application possibilities are endless because of the further research conducted to improve their properties, but later usage has raised concerns on their accessibility.

Today, the United States Department of Energy has conducted studies on identifying materials that are not replacements but probable substitutes to rare earth metals in the production of permanent magnets. With the popular usage of neodymium magnets and the rare earth materials involved, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy has already sponsored a program that develops alternative elements, which is appropriately called Rare Earth Alternatives in Critical Technologies (REACT).

Keywords: rare earth magnets, neodymium magnets, disc magnets, n52 magnets

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