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The following article was published in our article directory on December 23, 2011.
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Monochrome vs. Color Printers: The Laser Wars

Article Category: Computers and Technology

Author Name: chickie maxwell

The development of monochrome laser printers may be traced back in 1969 when Gary Starkweather of the Xerox Corporation released the prototype . Two years later, the first commercial type was released by IBM with its model 3800 which have a printing speed of roughly 333 pages per minute. Xerox bounced back in 1977 to introduce their model 9700 with 120-page per minute output and full-duplexing capabilities. In its infancy , the technology commanded a unit cost of 350,000 USD .

It, therefore, needs no further explanation why these laser printing machines were practically of no use to the personal computer market. Aside from their huge cost, they are also huge in size as one could fill up one average size room. It was in the 1980s when the first desktop laser printer was launched, first by Canon in 1982 and then by Hewlett Packard in 1984. Since then, the laser printer became indispensable in the office. Early laser printing machines generally outdid all other existing printers at that time, but were restricted only to black and white printing.

After about a decade , the era of color printing technology began. The first to enter the commercial market was ColorScript Laser 1000 by QMS, which sold at around 12,500 USD in 1993. Early color lasers operate similar to their monochrome counterparts, except that additional colors are needed to produce full color prints. Cyan, magenta, and yellow toner colors were added to the black toner cartridge. With the new colors, colored images require a four-pass process - one pass for each of the four colors, each following the customary first five steps of monochrome lasers: cleaning, conditioning, writing, developing, and transferring; but fusing is done only once.

The four-pass process may operate using four color toner cartridges each mounted into rotating cylinders which rotate in one place. The electrophotographic process is repeated four times, and undergoes the imaging procedure four times corresponding to each color. However, the paper which is being printed on passes through the fusing stage only after all the toner colors have been deposited.

Another way by which the four-pass process may proceed is described such that the four toner cartridges are stacked on top of the other next to a photoconducive belt. The belt completely revolves four times, corresponding to each color, and transfers the toner to an accumulator drum instead of directly into the paper. As soon as all colors are transferred to the accumulator, paper is fed through the printer once and transmits all the color in a single pass on the paper. After which, the paper runs to the fuser, ejects to the tray, and the printer automatically resets to process the next page.

With the recent advances in laser technology, the newest color laser printing equipment available in the market can now process monochrome and color in one single pass, referred to as the in-line process. This development further improved laser color printing speed. However, the cost of color laser printers are still prohibitive for the average consumer, and thus, are not yet very popular choices for home use.

The cost-effectiveness and superior black print quality of the monochrome laser printers are made to compete against the multi-color and combined black and color flexibility of the color laser printers. History witnesses one laser technology branching out into two printing specialties. As the laser wars continue, it is hoped that consumers score the victory with more affordable and efficient laser printers penetrating the market.

Keywords: laser printers

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