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SpinDistribute.com Article Directory

The following article was published in our article directory on October 4, 2011.
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Motion Control and Design

Article Category: Computers and Technology

Author Name: Michael Garza

Motion control and design is an essential aspect of automation. Without motion controls, machines used for automation processes won't functon properly. Machines are controlled and made to move using pumps, actuators, and electric motors called servos. Motion control is widely accepted and used in many industries, especially in the field of packaging, printing, and assembly. Without motion controls, much of the automation being performed by machines and robots in the modern world would not be possible. Motion controls make the automation process possible, and the design of a good motion control system is important if you want the automation process to go without a hitch.

Basics of motion control and design

Motion control and design go hand in hand. The basic requirement motion controls must fulfill is that it should be able to control speed, movement and position of the object being controlled. The controls must also be responsive. It must be sensitive to commands right away; otherwise it would fail its main role, as controller, and with a delayed response would prove faulty and/or almost render the machine being controlled useless.

Type of Motion Control

Sequencing - sequencing is motion control that happens in a particular order. Examples would be conveyor lines in packaging and in printing. There's a sequence of actions being done, and these actions are all part of motion control.

Point-to-point - point-to-point motion control is motion control that includes moving one object from one place to another. Example of this type of motion control would be x-y tables, wherein certain products need to be conveyed from one table to another using robotic arms.

Incremental - incremental motion control is the solution offered in case point-to-point motion control will not suffice. Sometimes, even point-to-point motion controllers lack the necessary accuracy to perform certain tasks. In this regard, incremental motion control is used. As a closed loop feedback system, incremental motion control depends on the error calculated by the sensors to correct its motion and position its control arm to its target most accurately.

Sensors in motion control and design

Sensors are an integral part of motion controls. Without sensors, motion controllers will be unable to control the movement of its target accurately. Sensors calculate the speed, movement, and position by which the robotic arm or pneumatic hand needs to be positioned in order to perform its tasks.

Common types of position sensors used include lasers, magnets, optical encoders, and potentiometers. For sensing speed and velocity, tachometers are the most popularly used in motion controllers.

Positioning and robotic arms

For positioning extremely heavy loads, pneumatic and hydraulic actuators are used. Positioning controls are built into the actuators and motion controllers control the actuators' movements from point to point.

Motion control and design starts at the conceptualization process of the motion controller. The design of the motion controller would depend on the work by which it will be put to use. For simple sequencing motion control, speed and movement sensors may be the only sensors needed. While in more complicated motion controls such as point-to-point and incremental motion controls, speed, movement, and positioning sensors all need to work in sync with each other.

Keywords: automation controls, factory floor automation, plant automation, industrial automation, control systems integration, control systems design, distributed controls systems, SCADA, supervisory control and data acquisition, PLC programming, programmable logic controller, Allen Bradley, A-B, Siemens, S7, S5, WinCC, Wonderware, iFix, Factory Talk, Rockwell Automation, RS View, RS Logix, ControlLogix, Compact Logix, Kinetics, Ladder Logic, Factory Talk Transaction Manager, Human Machine Interface, Panel Views, vision systems, motion control and design

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