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The following article was published in our article directory on November 24, 2010.
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Article Category: Business
Author Name: xia zihui
Water, ecosystem services, including social and economic services and natural aspects of ecosystem services. But in the past, talking about "water", most people only know that their water supply, aquatic production, hydroelectric power, inland navigation, recreation and other aspects of the role of aquatic ecosystems for the natural ecosystem services (flood storage biodiversity maintenance, cleaning up the environment, material transport and climate regulation, etc.) know very little.
United States will "enhance the ecosystem services of water policy framework for research" project team noted that the rivers, lakes, swamps, floodplains and other diverse habitats, not only to provide for all types of species thriving place, but also for biological Evolution and the Origin and Formation of biodiversity provides the conditions for the protection of the natural fine collection of species and their economic trait improvement provides a gene pool. Aquatic ecosystems for wildlife habitat, breeding, migration and wintering of the base, is rare and endangered waterfowl transit stop station, raising a number of rare endemic species of amphibians and fish.
Regional environment but also improve the water purification capacity of water absorption from the surrounding environment of biological chemicals, forming a contaminant migration, transformation, dispersion, enrichment process, the form of pollutants, chemical composition and nature of the ensuing series of changes, ultimately purification.
Water through surface evaporation and plant transpiration can increase regional air humidity, is conducive to the removal of pollutants in the air, purify the air. For example, increased humidity can greatly shorten the lifetime of sulfur dioxide in the air time, it can accelerate the air particles in the settlement process and promote a variety of pollutants in the air in the decomposition and transformation.
In recent years, carbon reduction, carbon sequestration gradually all the attention. "In fact, green plants and algae in water bodies can be fixed by photosynthesis and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, will generate its own organic material stored in the organization." Chinese Academy of Engineering, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, said Wang Hao, director of , and store large quantities of peat accumulation of carbon as soil organic matter, to some extent played the role of carbon fixed and held, so the water ecosystems to global carbon dioxide concentration has a great buffer.
In addition, the stability of aquatic ecosystems on regional climate, a significant role in regulating local climate, can increase humidity, induce rainfall, temperature, precipitation and air impact of extreme climate can buffer the adverse effects on human.
"Historically, China's aquatic ecosystems functional, great flexibility in adjusting the buffer, in a number of global catastrophe and mass extinction, the shelter a large number of rare species originated in ancient times, including the giant panda, Metasequoia, etc.." Wang Hao said, but since the 70s of last century, climate change and human activities, under the double impact of natural water depth of ecosystem integrity have been destroyed, there shrinking the size, structure, single, lower quality, the overall dysfunction of the depth of alienation biological diversity of human activity areas in a number of almost disappear.
In the analysis of China's water system and its degradation of ecosystem services of natural reasons, Hao pointed out that, in addition to natural hydrological fluctuations, global climate change outside the main reason is human:
Take rapid economic and social growth of water consumption, ecological and environmental water diverted. China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research, a statistics show that the early liberation of the country about 100 billion cubic meters of water supply, growth in 1980 to 4000 billion cubic meters, during the main growth in agricultural water use; to 2008, the country's water supply has exceeded 590 billion cubic meters, during the main living and industrial water use in urban growth. Outsourcing river water caused the rapid growth of river water to reduce the ecological environment, especially in northern areas, even the most basic ecological water are not protected, resulting in degradation of aquatic ecosystems.
Land use change has also led to shrinking of natural water eco-system space. Reclaim land, land reclamation around the lake, a number of natural lakes, wetlands and marshes are farmland, land for construction to replace, resulting in aquatic ecosystems and reducing fragmentation, or shape, resulting in water systems and degradation of ecosystem services. According to the survey, the lake shrinking occurred in China, due to siltation and reclaim the land and other reasons to reduce shrinkage of the lake area of the total area of about 2 / 3.
Another noteworthy phenomenon is that the volume of sewage into the river in China has exceeded the capacity of the water environment. According to Ministry of Environmental Protection Monitoring, 2008, China's industrial and municipal waste water discharge reached 75.8 billion tons, the volume of sewage into the river in many areas serious than its self-purification capacity of water, causing water pollution and degradation of aquatic environment services. Such as Taihu Lake Basin average annual production 17.7 billion cubic meters of water, taken in 2005 was as high as 35.5 billion cubic meters water consumption, living, and secondary and tertiary industries waste water discharge greater than 60 billion cubic meters, the discharge of pollutants exceeds the water environment carrying capacity, leading to water quality in the circular process of continuous deterioration.
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