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The following article was published in our article directory on September 21, 2010.
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Water Resources in Central Asia Caused By Disputes

Article Category: World Affairs

Author Name: Amanda xzh

Dam dispute

Differences of water resources has an impact in many ways. Tajikistan and Uzbekistan on the rogun controversial dam project that in this context.

Rogun Tajikistan is planning to rebuild the dam, the dam will solve the problem of Tajikistan's energy shortage. Another source said the Government of Tajikistan may obtain a loan from the World Bank, provided that the environment be on the water project feasibility report to support the investigation, once the report supports rogun dam, Tajikistan may become Asia's main electricity exporter. Completion of the project still needs 2 billion to 40 billion dollars, to compensate for the huge funding gap, Tajikistan this year worth 1.3 billion public sale of stock dam.

However, the construction of the dam projects upstream and downstream of the conflict makes the situation even more tense. Uzbek Prime Minister Mir economic Yueye Fu in the open letter that rogun dams such a "monster" will result in the lower reaches of major rivers in countries such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan's water shortage, and a direct threat to the survival of relying on river water millions of people drinking water and agricultural irrigation. Uzbekistan have launched a campaign against the Rogun hydropower projects in Tajikistan, including the Kambarata hydropower stations in Kyrgyzstan.

Water resources in this war, though poor, but in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan is not to be naked. The two countries began to try to maintain the dam, to help prevent flooding downstream countries. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, they want to pay the maintenance fees either directly, or to provide natural gas or coal as compensation.

Kyrgyz government officials Bazarbai Mambetov that Kyrgyzstan's position, because the river originated in the territory of Kyrgyzstan, a sovereign state has the right to use these resources.

Wider differences

Not only is the dam of disputes, disputes on water allocation, is undermining the unity of the power system of Central Asia.

In Soviet times, Central Asia has established a unified power system, power grid in Central Asia 5 countries connected by the unity in the Uzbekistan capital of Tashkent on the national power unified dispatch center deployment. The system can solve the uneven distribution of power resources within countries the issue, but also effectively protected the upstream oil and gas resource-poor countries, electricity and water shortages in winter the downstream countries of agricultural irrigation water in summer to ease the countries in transboundary water resource utilization conflicts.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, five Central Asian countries the imbalance between economic and social development, countries in Central Asia and unified treatment of the attitude of different power system. Turkmenistan in June 2003 out of Central Asia, the first unified electric power system. Early in December 2009 out of Central Asia, Uzbekistan, unified power system. In addition, Kazakhstan has also said that when its security is threatened when the power system will also be out of unified power system of Central Asia. This resulted in power shortages in Tajikistan worse.

From a broader perspective, the water dispute has jeopardized security in Central Asia.

The late 90s of last century, due to lack of agreement between the parties, limit the flow of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, rivers, causing the latter loss of 100,000 hectares of cotton. In 1997, conflict between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan send troops to the occupation of a joint border between the two reservoirs, while Kyrgyzstan is also a product, claims the water. Uzbekistan in 2000, held a military exercise, allegedly with the Kyrgyz Toktogul reservoir. In 2008, the number of residents in Tajikistan try to destroy a dam in Kyrgyzstan to get water.

This year in April, blocked Kazakhstan Kazakhstan - Kyrgyzstan border, cross-border flows of goods and services has become very difficult, which exacerbates the tension between the two countries. This has seriously affected the consumption and trade of Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyz internal stability and welfare are very deadly. After several weeks of trying with no sense of Kazakhstan's theory, May 19, Kyrgyzstan closed the gate. As the reservoir water level rise and the arrival of winter, close the gate means that it will be difficult region of Kazakhstan Jambyl critical time in a year receive irrigation water. This move forced the President of Kazakhstan, opened the border.

This year in August, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan on the implementation of traffic embargo, imposed on goods in transit additional tax, and vehicle delay transport towards Tajikistan. Seven-month blockade, a great impact on Tajikistan for rogun dam construction are also crucial.

Yale University in July this year, 360 environmental report, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan as lack of access to clean water while at "extreme risk" being. The report cited 24 June this year, the British consultant found: As the crisis facing water shortages, the two countries are the world's most volatile of the 10 countries may face one. In this ranking, ranking sixth in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, ninth, and the remaining number of serious water shortage in countries including Somalia, Mauritania, Sudan, Niger, Iraq, Pakistan, Egypt and Syria. The report pointed out that the lack of water resources, Uzbekistan, Egypt and Pakistan, the situation has become tense.

However, in the case of the current regional policy is still no effective solution. For example, a controversial issue on the rogun dam, will exacerbate tensions in the region has become an important factor in regional security.

Cited international concern

Central Asian countries and the relationship between major powers is one of the factors that affect water resources.

Russia's hydropower project in the country occupy a certain proportion. In addition to other loans to Kyrgyzstan, Russia and other means, through diplomatic pressure, to Sangtuda project in Tajikistan and 75% ratio. At last year's summit on the Aral Sea region of Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Karimov accused the Russian leader is very keen to take part in such projects, and then in the region to implement their own purposes. Against the Russian station contribution, reflecting the leadership of Karimov of Uzbekistan to power the non-aligned foreign policy.

The political impact of water resources in Central Asia, to a certain extent, the United States can not avoid. Many analysts believe that Russia and Europe, the Government of Kyrgyzstan in January decided to expel the United States in its military air base in Manas, is subject to the influence of Russia - Russia's decision to grant Kyrgyzstan 2 billion U.S. dollars in loans, of which nearly 75% Loans will be used to complete the Karambara a hydraulic. For a long time, Karambara projects are not from the international capital markets for funding. On the current situation in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan hope at least to maintain its aging Soviet-era irrigation facilities, and its downstream neighbor wants the possibility to improve its agricultural production to reduce dependence on the upstream countries.

This year on April 1 to 7, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on the five Central Asian countries was the first visit since he took office. During this period, he visited the current disputes arising due to dam construction Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. He used every opportunity to try mediation and good offices between the two countries, has repeatedly called on to take care of each other's interests and the importance of peace and shared resources. Although these new water facilities will be efficient use of water resources and provide new management style, but need to take reasonable measures to prevent the use of water resources and affect the stability of the region.

In the long run, the Central Asian water disputes on this important and fragile regional development adversely, an urgent need for the international community. Some international organizations, regional economic organizations can play a certain role, such as the United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

By the international, regional organization-led, interdisciplinary research, development for the region to provide recommendations to better manage risk, Huanjie regional situation, to take reasonable measures. If you can not solve the water disputes in Central Asia, the consequences would be disastrous.

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