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The following article was published in our article directory on September 15, 2010.
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The United States has Degenerated into a Global Venture Capitalists

Article Category: Business Management

Author Name: Amanda xzh

"Sino-US economic imbalance" is generally considered the huge U.S. current account deficit and China's huge current account imbalances between surplus, and indeed this imbalance reflects a deeper level is between the creditor and debtor rights and serious imbalance in the distribution of benefits. Sino-US relations is fundamentally a non-symmetric dependence, this one creditor and debtor countries behind the "dark matter" to be solving the key to this non-symmetrical relations.

The author uses the International Balance of Payments, by comparing the US's external financial assets and liabilities structure, cost-benefit revealed as the world's biggest debtor - the U.S. investment income is positive, but far beyond as the largest creditor - China net capital gains, between China and indeed by many economists call "dark matter" exists.

Efficiency of international investment, China is a negative wealth effect of the creditor. According to statistics from 1990-2008 China International Balance of Payments in net investment income of a deficit in most years. The irony is that the United States as the world's largest debtor, the debt has not restricted its formation, has become the United States to maintain the tools of financial hegemony. The U.S. current account and capital account for a high degree of symmetry. International cycle depends on the two dollar "exchange": the trade channel delivery, financial channels back; financial channel delivery, trade channels return.

From the structure of assets and liabilities of the United States, the U.S. foreign assets are denominated in foreign currencies, while almost all of its liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars. With the U.S. "dollar standard system" is not only support the international circulation of its debt, but also to make use of money "valuation effect", through debt or a disguised devaluation of the currency increase of national wealth. Pricing in international trade, the world's foreign exchange reserves, as well as international financial transactions, the dollar accounted for 48%, 61.3% and 83.6%. "The dollar standard system," in fact has evolved into America's "debt-based system." On the one hand, as the currency issuing countries, which can pay additional money to meet its external obligations or dilute the external debt burden, that is, in effect by default reserve currency devaluation of its external debt service obligations. Only from 2002 to 2006, the cumulative amount of U.S. foreign debt disappeared 3.58 trillion.

On the other hand, the United States through foreign long-term investment for a large number of huge economic benefits. With an average of about 3.5% of the U.S. 10 year Treasury yield compared to the level of overseas investment in the formation of a high profit return. U.S. external assets and liabilities of the return is big, but also a great difference between the risk value, suggesting that U.S. foreign investment is mainly concentrated in the high-yielding risk assets, while the external debt is still focused on good security to low-return assets. Relying on United States dollar currency and the International Centre for strategic advantage in the global financial division of the global distribution of wealth was the greatest gains in capital gains as U.S. access to global surplus value of the largest channels.

This shows that China is not a real creditor, and like a put money in the bank and from bank transfer to take out high interest rates to savers. In contrast, the United States is not a real debtor, but rather like playing other people's money to make money in the bank, or the role of venture capitalists.

In fact, with the replacement of the international monetary system, the United States completed its roles. In the era of the Bretton Woods system, the United States to play in the global financial situation the role of bank capitalists: that by providing liquidity to the global trade surplus with the United States to maintain, in the realization of comparative advantages, access to the corresponding interests of trade and credit. In addition, the United States, driven by the export of capital goods output to share his country's trade and investment income, which is commercial capital bank the main form of profit. However, with the "Jamaica agreement" to implement as well as the decline of the U.S. comparative advantage in manufacturing, a large number of international capital flows to the United States. In 1985, just nine years after the implementation of the agreement, the United States that ended its 71 years of international net creditor position, and become the world's largest net debtor.

Especially in the last 20 years, world economic and financial situation has undergone a fundamental change in the world economy entered the financial Zibenzhuyi era, the United States completed by the "Bank of capitalists" to "venture capitalists" the role of conversion, the United States by virtue of the developed financial markets and the absolute dominance of the monetary system, to give his country the world's endless need of financial assets. Emerging economies, the growing accumulation of foreign exchange reserves needs to look for security configuration and mobility of assets channels, the United States as the world capital of "reservoir."

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